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This report presents findings from a 2025 qualitative study conducted by Oxfam in Lebanon (OiL) to deepen the gender and vulnerability analysis of food insecurity in Lebanon.

Oxfam is responding to the escalating crisis in Lebanon, providing essential support to the hundreds of thousands of people who have been forced to flee as Israeli airstrikes bombard their homes and communities. 

Oxfam teams in Turkiye and Syria are assessing along with partner organisations the fastest, most appropriate humanitarian efforts to help affected people in the aftermath of Monday’s devastating earthquake – the biggest in Turkiye since 1939. 

This report presents the findings of a two-phase study on working conditions in municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Lebanon, with a focus on the areas of Hasbaya, Chebaa, and Rachaya El Foukhar in South-Lebanon.

"The new restrictions on entry for Syrians into Lebanon are part of a worrying, wider trend reflecting quite simply less and less opportunities for Syrians to escape conflict inside Syria," said Camilla Jelbart Mosse, Oxfam's Syria Campaign Manager.

Oxfam and other agencies say that the international community must agree a bold new deal for Syria’s refugees if it is serious about tackling the largest humanitarian crisis since World War II. The new deal must provide more investment in Syria’s neighbours, which host more than 4 million refugees, and an end to restrictions that prevent refugees from working and in some cases living legally in these countries. 

Debt is widely recognized as a double-edged instrument: at the macro level, it can fund growth and essential services, but at the household level, it often represents both survival and constraint. 

Following six years of multiple protracted crises, a majority of Lebanon’s population is affected by multidimensional poverty, but social safety nets are the primary source of social protection for the poorest and most vulnerable and are largely dependent on international donors. 

Lebanon is home to diverse communities and individuals with a variety of identities, interests, needs and experiences. For the past few years, the country has been facing a series of crises, with large and unique impacts on these different groups. While access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), and related information and services, was already challenging prior to these crises, these issues are now considered even less of a priority.

In a context where the interplay of the economic crisis and socio-political challenges have pushed large segments of the population residing in Lebanon into poverty, weakened public health infrastructure and severely limited the availability, quality and affordability of essential services, access to sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) is gravely restricted.