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While Europe’s biofuels policies have figured prominently as a means to secure a more sustainable energy supply for the continent, they have created perverse incentives in developing countries such as Peru. The Chira Valley is a clear example of how this quest for greener alternatives to fossil fuels has prompted the development of large-scale bioethanol projects in the Global South, which have high social and environmental costs for local communities.

Public services are the foundation of equitable, inclusive, and sustainable development. Conversely, underinvestment or privatization often leads to exclusion, inequality, and erosion of rights.