Beyond Rhetoric - Feminist Leadership for a Transformative Women, Peace and Security Agenda at 25

Case Studies from Colombia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and South Sudan

Publication date: 16 October 2025
Author: Abigael Baldoumas, Anila Noor, Duncan Knox, Fionna Smyth, Helen Kezie-Nwoha, Maria Alabdeh, Marie Sophie Pettersson

Twenty-five years after the United Nations adopted Resolution 1325, the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda is both a landmark in diplomacy and a study in unfulfilled promise. Its most profound achievement has been to force open a conversation about the gendered power structures that fuel conflict. But that opening is narrowing. Escalating wars, a backlash against gender justice and a collapse in funding now threaten to strip the agenda of its transformative edge. The WPS agenda remains an essential tool for women peacebuilders. Whether it survives as a force for justice depends on whether the global community backs its principles with the resources and political will to make them real. Without that, the resolution’s 25th anniversary will mark the start of its decline, not its maturity.